https://pharmatlas.org/ 2026-04-06T07:38:25+00:00 https://pharmatlas.org/ https://pharmatlas.org/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=logo.png text/html 2026-02-12T23:38:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://pharmatlas.org/doku.php?id=cardio:beta_blockers:atenolol&rev=1770939524&do=diff Atenolol Atenolol is a 2nd-generation, β1-selective beta-blocker. It reduces heart rate, contractility, and renin release with minimal β2 blockade at usual doses. Classification: • 2nd Generation (Cardioselective) • No intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) text/html 2026-02-12T23:37:52+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://pharmatlas.org/doku.php?id=cardio:beta_blockers:bisoprolol&rev=1770939472&do=diff Bisoprolol Bisoprolol is a 2nd-generation, highly β1-selective beta-blocker. It reduces heart rate, contractility, and renin release with minimal β2 activity at therapeutic doses. Classification: • 2nd Generation (Cardioselective) • No intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) text/html 2026-02-12T23:35:24+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://pharmatlas.org/doku.php?id=cardio:beta_blockers:carvedilol&rev=1770939324&do=diff Carvedilol Carvedilol is a 3rd-generation beta-blocker with combined β1, β2, and α1 blockade. It reduces heart rate, contractility, and systemic vascular resistance. Classification: • 3rd Generation (Vasodilating) • Nonselective β-blocker • α1-blocking properties • No intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) text/html 2026-02-15T03:18:22+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://pharmatlas.org/doku.php?id=cardio:beta_blockers:esmolol&rev=1771125502&do=diff Esmolol (Brevibloc®) Esmolol Brand Name Brevibloc® Drug Class β-Blocker (β1-selective) Primary Indication Acute Rate Control β1 Selectivity High Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity No Half-Life ~9 minutes Route IV only Metabolism Plasma esterases text/html 2026-02-12T23:46:32+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://pharmatlas.org/doku.php?id=cardio:beta_blockers:labetalol&rev=1770939992&do=diff Labetalol Labetalol is a 3rd-generation beta-blocker with combined β1, β2, and alpha-1 blockade. It reduces heart rate and systemic vascular resistance, making it particularly useful in acute blood pressure control. Classification: • 3rd Generation (Vasodilating) • Nonselective beta-blocker • Alpha-1 blockade • No intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) text/html 2026-02-12T23:34:23+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://pharmatlas.org/doku.php?id=cardio:beta_blockers:metoprolol&rev=1770939263&do=diff Metoprolol Metoprolol is a 2nd-generation, β1-selective beta-blocker. It primarily blocks cardiac β1 receptors with minimal β2 activity at usual doses. Classification: • 2nd Generation (Cardioselective) • No intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) text/html 2026-02-12T23:46:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://pharmatlas.org/doku.php?id=cardio:beta_blockers:nebivolol&rev=1770939960&do=diff Nebivolol Nebivolol is a 3rd-generation, highly β1-selective beta-blocker with nitric oxide–mediated vasodilatory effects. Unlike Carvedilol or Labetalol, nebivolol does NOT block alpha-1 receptors. Classification: • 3rd Generation (Vasodilating) • Highly β1 selective • Nitric oxide–mediated vasodilation • No intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) text/html 2026-02-12T23:32:42+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://pharmatlas.org/doku.php?id=cardio:beta_blockers:propranolol&rev=1770939162&do=diff Propranolol Propranolol is a 1st-generation, nonselective beta-blocker that blocks both β1 and β2 receptors. It is one of the oldest and most widely studied beta-blockers. Classification: • 1st Generation (Nonselective) • No intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) text/html 2026-02-12T23:47:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://pharmatlas.org/doku.php?id=cardio:beta_blockers:sotalol&rev=1770940067&do=diff Sotalol Sotalol is a 1st-generation, nonselective beta-blocker with additional Class III antiarrhythmic properties. It blocks: • β1 receptors • β2 receptors • Cardiac potassium channels (IKr) Because of its potassium channel blockade, sotalol prolongs the QT interval. text/html 2026-02-12T23:47:09+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://pharmatlas.org/doku.php?id=cardio:beta_blockers:start&rev=1770940029&do=diff Beta-Blockers Beta-blockers antagonize beta-adrenergic receptors and reduce sympathetic stimulation of the cardiovascular system. Primary Physiologic Effects: • ↓ Heart rate • ↓ Contractility • ↓ Renin release • ↓ Cardiac output • ↓ Blood pressure