Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- office_hours:vitamins:start [2026/02/16 01:41] – andrew2393cns
+++ office_hours:vitamins:start [2026/02/16 01:45] (current) – [Understanding Vitamins & Minerals (Office Hours Series)] andrew2393cns
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{ :office_hours:series:vitmains.png?600 |}}
-====== OfficeHours: Series: Vitamins & Minerals ======
-This series is the **micronutrient backbone** of internal medicine and primary care:
-Anemia, Neuropathy, Bone Health, Refeeding Syndrome, CKD, Alcohol Use, Malabsorption, and Drug Interactions.
-<WRAP center round important 90%>
+====== Understanding Vitamins & Minerals (Office Hours Series) ======
+This series is about understanding **what micronutrients actually do** before memorizing deficiencies.
+Energy production. DNA synthesis. Oxygen transport. Antioxidant defense. Bone signaling. Coagulation.
+If you understand the function — the deficiency patterns make sense.
+<WRAP center round 90%>
 **Quick Links** \\
   * [[office_hours:series:start|← Back to Office Hours: Series]]
   * [[hematology:start|Hematology]]
   * [[endocrine:start|Endocrine]]
-  * [[gi:start|Gastrointestinal]]
+  * [[gi:start|GI / Malabsorption]]
   * [[renal:start|Renal]]
 </WRAP>
@@ Line 15: / Line 20: @@
 ----
-===== What You’ll Learn =====
+===== Series Structure =====
-  * Why deficiencies happen (absorption vs intake vs loss)
+This series progresses in 3 phases:
-  * How to differentiate **macrocytic vs microcytic anemia**
-  * Why magnesium controls potassium
-  * How fat-soluble vitamins behave differently from water-soluble
-  * Why some deficiencies mimic neurologic disease
-  * How drugs create nutrient problems
-<WRAP center round box 95%>
+  * **Phase 1 — Biochemical Function**
-You’ll stop memorizing random deficiencies and start recognizing clinical patterns.
+  * **Phase 2 — Functional Grouping**
-</WRAP>
+  * **Phase 3 — Clinical Pattern Recognition**
 ----
-===== Episodes =====
+===== Phase 1 — The Energy & Cofactor Framework =====
-<WRAP group>
+==== Episode 1 — B Vitamins & the Krebs Cycle ====
-<WRAP half column>
-==== Episode 1 — The Micronutrient Framework (Big Picture) ====
 <WRAP lecturevideo>
@@ Line 41: / Line 38: @@
 </WRAP>
-<WRAP center round important 60%>
+What you’ll understand:
-📄 **Download Slides (PDF)** \\
+  * Why B vitamins are coenzymes
-{{:office_hours:vitamins_minerals:micronutrient_framework.pdf|Download Slides (PDF)}}
+  * Where B1, B2, B3, B5 fit into oxidative metabolism
-</WRAP>
+  * Why B6 matters for amino acids
+  * Why B9/B12 are DNA synthesis vitamins
+  * Why deficiency = high-turnover tissue dysfunction
 → [[office_hours:vitamins_minerals:episode_1|Open Episode 1 Page]]
-</WRAP>
+----
-<WRAP half column>
+===== Phase 2 — Functional Categories =====
-==== Episode 2 — Anemia & B Vitamins (B9 vs B12 vs Iron) ====
+==== Episode 2 — Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K) ====
-<WRAP lecturevideo>
+  * Vitamin A → gene transcription / vision
-{{youtube>VIDEO_ID_HERE}}
+  * Vitamin D → hormone, calcium signaling
-</WRAP>
+  * Vitamin E → antioxidant membrane protection
+  * Vitamin K → clotting factor activation
-<WRAP center round important 60%>
-📄 **Download Slides (PDF)** \\
-{{:office_hours:vitamins_minerals:anemia_framework.pdf|Download Slides (PDF)}}
-</WRAP>
 → [[office_hours:vitamins_minerals:episode_2|Open Episode 2 Page]]
-</WRAP>
-</WRAP>
 ----
-<WRAP group>
+==== Episode 3 — Minerals: Structure, Signaling & Oxygen Transport ====
-<WRAP half column>
-==== Episode 3 — Bone & Electrolyte Micronutrients (Ca, D, Mg, Phos) ====
+  * Iron → oxygen binding
+  * Cobalt → part of B12
+  * Magnesium → ATP stabilizer
+  * Zinc → transcription factors
+  * Copper → redox enzymes
+  * Iodine → thyroid hormone
+  * Selenium → antioxidant enzymes
-<WRAP lecturevideo>
+→ [[office_hours:vitamins_minerals:episode_3|Open Episode 3 Page]]
-{{youtube>VIDEO_ID_HERE}}
-</WRAP>
-<WRAP center round important 60%>
+----
-📄 **Download Slides (PDF)** \\
-{{:office_hours:vitamins_minerals:bone_electrolyte_framework.pdf|Download Slides (PDF)}}
-</WRAP>
-→ [[office_hours:vitamins_minerals:episode_3|Open Episode 3 Page]]
+===== Phase 3 — Clinical Pattern Recognition =====
-</WRAP>
+==== Episode 4 — Anemia Framework (Iron vs B9 vs B12) ====
+==== Episode 5 — Neuropathy Framework (B12 vs B6 vs Copper) ====
+==== Episode 6 — Bone & Electrolytes (D, Ca, Mg, Phos) ====
+==== Episode 7 — Refeeding & Alcohol Deficiency Patterns ====
+==== Episode 8 — Drug-Induced Deficiencies ====
-<WRAP half column>
+→ [[office_hours:vitamins_minerals:clinical|Clinical Episodes Index]]
-==== Episode 4 — Refeeding, Alcohol, and Drug-Induced Deficiencies ====
+----
-<WRAP lecturevideo>
+===== Functional Map of Vitamins =====
-{{youtube>VIDEO_ID_HERE}}
-</WRAP>
-<WRAP center round important 60%>
+<WRAP center 95%>
-📄 **Download Slides (PDF)** \\
+^ Functional Role ^ Key Nutrients ^ What Fails When Deficient ^
-{{:office_hours:vitamins_minerals:refeeding_and_drug_deficiencies.pdf|Download Slides (PDF)}}
+| Oxidative metabolism (Krebs / ETC) | B1, B2, B3, B5 | Fatigue, neuropathy |
+| DNA synthesis | B9, B12 | Macrocytic anemia |
+| Amino acid metabolism | B6 | Neuropathy, anemia |
+| Antioxidant | Vitamin E, Selenium | Neuromuscular dysfunction |
+| Vision / epithelial health | Vitamin A | Night blindness |
+| Bone / calcium regulation | Vitamin D | Osteomalacia |
+| Clotting activation | Vitamin K | Elevated INR |
 </WRAP>
-→ [[office_hours:vitamins_minerals:episode_4|Open Episode 4 Page]]
+----
+===== Mineral Function Overview =====
-</WRAP>
+<WRAP center 95%>
+^ Mineral ^ Core Role ^ High-Yield Association ^
+| Iron | Hemoglobin oxygen binding | Microcytic anemia |
+| Cobalt | Component of B12 | Macrocytic anemia |
+| Magnesium | Stabilizes ATP | Refractory hypokalemia |
+| Zinc | Enzyme/transcription factor | Poor wound healing |
+| Copper | Iron metabolism, myelin | Myelopathy |
+| Iodine | Thyroid hormone | Hypothyroidism |
+| Selenium | Glutathione peroxidase | Cardiomyopathy (rare) |
 </WRAP>
 ----
-===== High-Yield Clinical Framework =====
+===== Deficiency & Toxicity Snapshot =====
 <WRAP center 95%>
-^ Pattern ^ Think About ^ Classic Causes ^ Clinical Clue ^
+^ Nutrient ^ Classic Deficiency Pattern ^ Common Causes ^ Toxicity Risk ^
-| Macrocytic anemia | B12 vs Folate | Vegan diet, metformin, malabsorption | Neuropathy = B12 |
+| B1 | Wernicke / neuropathy | Alcohol | Rare |
-| Microcytic anemia | Iron | Menstrual loss, GI bleed | Low ferritin |
+| B3 | Pellagra (3 D's) | Malnutrition | Flushing (high dose) |
-| Neuropathy | B12, B6, Copper | Alcohol, metformin | Posterior column signs |
+| B9 | Macrocytosis | Pregnancy, meds | Masks B12 |
-| Refractory hypokalemia | Magnesium | Diuretics, diarrhea | Replace Mg first |
+| B12 | Macrocytosis + neuropathy | Metformin, vegan | Rare |
-| High INR (no warfarin) | Vitamin K deficiency | Antibiotics, malabsorption | Easy bruising |
+| Vitamin D | Bone pain | Low sun, CKD | Hypercalcemia |
-| Confusion in alcohol use | Thiamine | Chronic alcohol | Give before glucose |
+| Vitamin K | Easy bruising | Antibiotics | Rare |
+| Iron | Microcytosis | Bleeding | Overload (hemochromatosis) |
+| Magnesium | Tetany, low K | Diuretics | Diarrhea |
 </WRAP>
+----
 <WRAP center round tip 90%>
-Most micronutrient problems are not dietary — they are absorption, medication, or chronic disease related.
+Deficiency patterns reflect function.
+High-turnover tissue (bone marrow, GI tract, nervous system) fails first.
 </WRAP>
-----
-===== Why This Matters Clinically =====
-  * Prevent misdiagnosing B12 neuropathy as MS
-  * Prevent worsening Wernicke’s by giving glucose first
-  * Recognize copper deficiency after bariatric surgery
-  * Understand why chronic PPI use can cause anemia
-  * Identify refeeding syndrome early
 ----
 ===== Related =====
   * [[office_hours:series:start|Office Hours: Series]]
   * [[office_hours:start|Office Hours Home]]
   * [[lectures:start|Full Lecture Series]]
   * [[start|PharmAtlas Home]]