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cardio:diuretics:start [2026/02/13 00:58] – andrew2393cnscardio:diuretics:start [2026/02/15 03:28] (current) – andrew2393cns
Line 39: Line 39:
  
 [[cardio:diuretics:carbonic_anhydrase:start|Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors]] [[cardio:diuretics:carbonic_anhydrase:start|Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors]]
-Site: + 
-  * Proximal Tubule +Weak Diuretic Effect 
-Target: + 
-  * Carbonic anhydrase enzyme +Agents:
-Agent:+
   * [[cardio:diuretics:acetazolamide|Acetazolamide]]   * [[cardio:diuretics:acetazolamide|Acetazolamide]]
 +  * Methazolamide
 +  * Dichlorphenamide
 +
 Effect: Effect:
   * ↓ HCO₃⁻ reabsorption   * ↓ HCO₃⁻ reabsorption
   * Mild natriuresis   * Mild natriuresis
   * Metabolic acidosis   * Metabolic acidosis
 +
 Clinical Use: Clinical Use:
   * Glaucoma   * Glaucoma
   * Altitude sickness   * Altitude sickness
   * Metabolic alkalosis   * Metabolic alkalosis
-Weak diuretic effect.+  * Periodic paralysis
  
-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
  
 [[cardio:diuretics:loop:start|Loop Diuretics]] [[cardio:diuretics:loop:start|Loop Diuretics]]
  
-Site: +Very Strong Diuresis 
-  * Thick Ascending Limb +
-Target: +
-  * NKCC2 (Na⁺-K⁺-2Cl⁻ cotransporter)+
 Agents: Agents:
   * [[cardio:diuretics:furosemide|Furosemide]]   * [[cardio:diuretics:furosemide|Furosemide]]
   * [[cardio:diuretics:torsemide|Torsemide]]   * [[cardio:diuretics:torsemide|Torsemide]]
   * [[cardio:diuretics:bumetanide|Bumetanide]]   * [[cardio:diuretics:bumetanide|Bumetanide]]
 +
 Clinical Role: Clinical Role:
   * Acute pulmonary edema   * Acute pulmonary edema
-  * Decompensated heart failure+  * Decompensated [[cardio:heart_failure:start|Heart Failure]]
   * Advanced CKD   * Advanced CKD
   * Severe volume overload   * Severe volume overload
-Electrolytes: 
-  * ↓ K⁺ 
-  * ↓ Mg²⁺ 
-  * ↓ Ca²⁺ 
-Strongest natriuresis. 
  
 -------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
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 [[cardio:diuretics:thiazide:start|Thiazide & Thiazide-Like Diuretics]] [[cardio:diuretics:thiazide:start|Thiazide & Thiazide-Like Diuretics]]
  
-Site: +Long-term vascular remodeling benefits.
-  * Distal Convoluted Tubule +
- +
-Target: +
-  * NCC (Na⁺-Cl⁻ cotransporter)+
  
 Agents: Agents:
- 
   * [[cardio:diuretics:hydrochlorothiazide|Hydrochlorothiazide]]   * [[cardio:diuretics:hydrochlorothiazide|Hydrochlorothiazide]]
   * [[cardio:diuretics:chlorthalidone|Chlorthalidone]]   * [[cardio:diuretics:chlorthalidone|Chlorthalidone]]
Line 95: Line 87:
  
 Clinical Role: Clinical Role:
- 
   * First-line therapy for [[cardio:hypertension:start|Hypertension]]   * First-line therapy for [[cardio:hypertension:start|Hypertension]]
   * Mild edema   * Mild edema
- 
-Electrolytes: 
- 
-  * ↓ K⁺ 
-  * ↑ Ca²⁺ 
-  * ↑ Uric acid 
- 
-Long-term vascular remodeling benefits. 
  
 -------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
  
-[[cardio:diuretics:potassium_sparing:start|Potassium-Sparing Diuretics]] +[[cardio:diuretics:mra|Potassium-Sparing Diuretics]]
- +
-Site: +
-  * Collecting Duct +
- +
-Two Mechanisms:+
  
 ---- Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (MRAs) ---- Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (MRAs)
Line 124: Line 102:
  
 Used in: Used in:
- 
   * HFrEF (mortality benefit)   * HFrEF (mortality benefit)
   * Resistant [[cardio:hypertension:start|Hypertension]]   * Resistant [[cardio:hypertension:start|Hypertension]]
Line 136: Line 113:
  
 Electrolytes: Electrolytes:
- 
   * ↑ K⁺ (risk of hyperkalemia)   * ↑ K⁺ (risk of hyperkalemia)
  
Line 142: Line 118:
  
 [[cardio:diuretics:osmotic:start|Osmotic Diuretics]] [[cardio:diuretics:osmotic:start|Osmotic Diuretics]]
- 
-Site: 
-  * Proximal Tubule & Loop of Henle 
  
 Agent: Agent:
- 
   * [[cardio:diuretics:mannitol|Mannitol]]   * [[cardio:diuretics:mannitol|Mannitol]]
  
 Mechanism: Mechanism:
- 
   * Increases tubular osmotic pressure   * Increases tubular osmotic pressure
   * Pulls water into lumen   * Pulls water into lumen
  
 Clinical Use: Clinical Use:
- 
   * Cerebral edema   * Cerebral edema
   * Increased intracranial pressure   * Increased intracranial pressure
Line 188: Line 158:
  
 Hypertension: Hypertension:
- +  * [[cardio:diuretics:chlorthalidone|Chlorthalidone]] preferred over [[cardio:diuretics:hydrochlorothiazide|HCTZ]]
-  * [[cardio:diuretics:chlorthalidone|Chlorthalidone]] preferred+
  
 Heart Failure: Heart Failure:
- 
   * [[cardio:diuretics:loop:start|Loop Diuretics]] for congestion   * [[cardio:diuretics:loop:start|Loop Diuretics]] for congestion
   * [[cardio:hf:spironolactone|Spironolactone]] for mortality reduction   * [[cardio:hf:spironolactone|Spironolactone]] for mortality reduction
  
 Resistant Hypertension: Resistant Hypertension:
- 
   * Add [[cardio:hf:spironolactone|Spironolactone]]   * Add [[cardio:hf:spironolactone|Spironolactone]]
  
cardio/diuretics/start.1770944282.txt.gz · Last modified: by andrew2393cns